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What influence did exotica have on art music?

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Poeme Electronique” was the world’s first multimedia installation piece. It was written for, and performed at, The Phillips Pavilion of the 1958 World’s Fair in Brussels. Edgard Varese provided the audio for the installation; visuals (colored light and film projections) were designed by Iannis Xenaxis. Interestingly, though it is said that the audio and visual were developed independent of one another, both incorporate elements of exotica prevalent in pop-culture of that time (Martin Denny’s Exotica record was re-recorded for stereo that year).

In addition to the obvious visual elements, like the startling flashing images of Easter Island moai at 4:18 and 4:19, there are many aural elements that almost seem snipped from exotica records. What do you see or hear in Poeme Electronique that reminds you of exotica? Or is it a “feeling” or “vibe” you get from the experience that’s related to exotica?

The question at the heart of the debate of Exotica vs. The Other is finally voiced. Thankfully it comes from someone who knows jazz, Hawaii, and exotica. Nate Chinen, an esteemed jazz critic, known for his writings for the New York Times, JazzTimes, and Village Voice asks, “was Exotica a species of Hawaiian music” and follows it with a thoughtful commentary at his blog, The Gig. Chinen, who was born and raised in Honolulu, is no stranger to exotica or its musicians—he studied drums with Harold Chang, gigged with many of the Islands’ finest jazzers, and wrote remembrances of Arthur Lyman when Lyman passed away.

Exotica was by definition a mongrel genre, hovering not only between “modern” and “native” but also between the West and the Orient, between honor and exploitation, between shrewdness and kitsch. Because it was an instrumental pop music during the era when jazz was pop, there’s quite a bit of overlap in terms of style and repertoire. Musicians like Denny came from a similar school of thought as George Shearing, though their arranging strategies actually fell more in line, at the end of the day, with Sun Ra.

Check out the whole article online here. Nate wasn’t able to catch any of the shows during our East Coast tour, so if you saw and liked us, please comment below his post to let him know!

Download Nate Chinen’s “Exotica: It Takes A Village” as a PDF

As a young and aspiring musician growing up in Honolulu, HI, I constantly sought out new inspiration and modes of instruction. My career as a double bassist had humble beginnings—starting by jamming with my dad as he took slack-key guitar lessons with Auntie Alice Namakelua. Although I eventually went on to study classical and jazz music in college at New England Conservatory (Boston, MA), my heart and musical intuition has never strayed far from Hawai`i.

Even as an 8 year-old, I was fascinated with Arthur Lymanʻs music

Even as an 8 year-old, I was fascinated with Arthur Lymanʻs music

My grandfather Mun Charn Wong (known to his friends as “MC” and to me as kungkung—the Chinese phrase for ʻgrandfatherʻ) was a major influence in my development as a musician. One of my favorite sayings of his was, “You donʻt know where youʻre going unless you know where you came from.” It wasnʻt until I began WAITIKI INTERNATIONAL (and subsequently, The WAITIKI 7) that I really understood what he meant.

Kungkung MC often would treat my family and I to prime rib buffet dinners at Waialae Country Club, where he was a member. I remember to this day: the food was exquisite; the prime rib was so tender and succulent, the au jus was pretty unnecessary. I was pretty skinny back then, and at the time, I thought kungkungʻs intentions were to help me get some meat on my bones… (it certainly worked; Iʻm no longer as skinny now as I was then). I later learned that he wanted me to be inspired by his friend Arthur Lyman, a dear friend of his who performed whenever the Club held its prime rib buffet.

I donʻt remember when I first met Mr. Lyman, but by the time I was in high school and gigging as a double bassist, I knew him well enough to bring my bass down to the Club and sit in on a few tunes. I only knew a few tunes back then, but he was kind and played what I knew—”Satin Doll” was a favorite of mine at the time, and thereʻs something about the way he played the melody that Iʻll never forget (but canʻt easily describe).

His specialty at the Club was playing Hawaiian ballads. “Sea Breeze,” “He Aloha No Honolulu,” and “Yellow Bird” were done regularly. I didnʻt know much about the vibraphone back then, and had never seen anyone other than him play, and thus didnʻt realize how special his 4-mallet realization of those melodies was. What I do remember is the variety and subtlety of his bird calls; they really added to the music, and along with his 4-mallet stuff, I was easily transported out of the Waialae CC dining room and into a jungle all my own.

Unfortunately, I never saw Mr. Lyman perform with his exotica comrades, nor did I even know what exotica was at the time. It wasnʻt until college when I began learning about exotica, and shortly thereafter (while I was on the Mainland) Mr. Lyman passed away from throat cancer. I suppose this is one of those great examples of, “If only I knew then what Iʻm doing now,” because even with the richness and authenticity of work being carried out by The WAITIKI 7, there is still much to be done. The legacies of Mr. Lyman, Augie Colon (Lopakaʻs dad), Mr. Denny, and their colleagues leave us large shoes to fill indeed.

—Randy Wong

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